[admission-open-date]

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• Back to Department Homepage

Programme Details


Admission Queries

Programming in C

Optional Certificate Course for Electronics Students ( 2014-15)

PROGRAMMING IN C
 Proposed syllabus

• 
  UNIT 1: Basic concepts of programs, Introduction to C, I/O statements (12hrs)

• 
  Basics of Programming: Algorithm, Flowchart and pseudo code Introduction to C: Development of C, features, constants and variables, data type, operators and expression, library functions I/o Statements: Formatted and unformatted I/O: scanf(), printf(), getchar(), putchar() functions.

• 
  UNIT 2: Control structures, Arrays & Functions (18hrs)

• 
  Control Structures: Conditional and unconditional, if, for, while and do..While, switch, break, goto statement Arrays: One and multidimensional arrays, string and string functions, bubble sort, linear and binary search
• 
  Functions: Definition, different types, advantages, calling a function, passing parameters, call by reference, call by value, local and global variable, recursive functions.

• 
  UNIT 3: Pointers, structures & Unions (10hrs)

• 
  Pointers: Declaration, operation on pointers, relation between arrays and pointers, address arithmetic, array of pointers, pointer to pointer Structures and unions: Defining a structures, classification, union, user defined datatypes, ponter to a structure, and structure as an argument to a function.

• 
  UNIT 4: Files (5hrs)

• 
  Files: Sequential files, file pointer, random files, processing a data file, unformatted data files, file error handling, implementation of copy and merge commands.

C Programming Lab

Guidelines

Article

Follow Coding standards

Article I

The output of the programs should be neatly formatted

Article II

The programs should be user friendly and interactive

Article III

Use comment wherever necessary

Lab Programs

• 
  Demonstrate cal, date, echo and bc commands
• 
  Demonstrate passwd, who, uname and tty commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Directory related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all file related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all File compression commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Communication commands
• 
  Write a shell script to accept 2 numbers and perform the basic arithmetic operation
• 
  Write a shell script to accept any N numbers and find the sum of N numbers using function
• 
  Write a shell script to print current working directory, today’s date and number of users who are currently logged in.
• 
  Write a shell script to implement various if statements.

Admission Queries

For any queries at any given time during the application and admission process, you may contact us through the following Email ID’s:

Between: Monday to Friday: 09:00 AM to 04:00 PM,
Saturday: 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM

(Office remains closed on Sundays, Government Holidays and Any special events)

Programming in C

Optional Certificate Course for Electronics Students ( 2014-15)

PROGRAMMING IN C
 Proposed syllabus

• 
  UNIT 1: Basic concepts of programs, Introduction to C, I/O statements (12hrs)

• 
  Basics of Programming: Algorithm, Flowchart and pseudo code Introduction to C: Development of C, features, constants and variables, data type, operators and expression, library functions I/o Statements: Formatted and unformatted I/O: scanf(), printf(), getchar(), putchar() functions.

• 
  UNIT 2: Control structures, Arrays & Functions (18hrs)

• 
  Control Structures: Conditional and unconditional, if, for, while and do..While, switch, break, goto statement Arrays: One and multidimensional arrays, string and string functions, bubble sort, linear and binary search
• 
  Functions: Definition, different types, advantages, calling a function, passing parameters, call by reference, call by value, local and global variable, recursive functions.

• 
  UNIT 3: Pointers, structures & Unions (10hrs)

• 
  Pointers: Declaration, operation on pointers, relation between arrays and pointers, address arithmetic, array of pointers, pointer to pointer Structures and unions: Defining a structures, classification, union, user defined datatypes, ponter to a structure, and structure as an argument to a function.

• 
  UNIT 4: Files (5hrs)

• 
  Files: Sequential files, file pointer, random files, processing a data file, unformatted data files, file error handling, implementation of copy and merge commands.

C Programming Lab

Guidelines

Article

Follow Coding standards

Article I

The output of the programs should be neatly formatted

Article II

The programs should be user friendly and interactive

Article III

Use comment wherever necessary

Lab Programs

• 
  Demonstrate cal, date, echo and bc commands
• 
  Demonstrate passwd, who, uname and tty commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Directory related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all file related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all File compression commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Communication commands
• 
  Write a shell script to accept 2 numbers and perform the basic arithmetic operation
• 
  Write a shell script to accept any N numbers and find the sum of N numbers using function
• 
  Write a shell script to print current working directory, today’s date and number of users who are currently logged in.
• 
  Write a shell script to implement various if statements.

Admission Queries

For any queries at any given time during the application and admission process, you may contact us through the following Email ID’s:

The Office of Admissions,CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road,Bengaluru – 560 029, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 92430 80800
+91 80 4012 9400

Email IDs
Indian candidates: admissions@christuniversity.in
NRI candidates: nri.admission@christuniversity.in
International: isc.admission@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road,
Bengaluru – 560 074, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 80 4012 9800,
+91 80 4012 9802
+91 80 4012 9820

Email
admissions.kengeri@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University),
Mariam Nagar, Meerut Road,
Delhi NCR Ghaziabad – 201003

Phone
1800-123-3212

Email
admission.ncr@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Hulimavu, Bannerghatta Road,
Bengaluru – 560 076, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 080 4655 1306

Email
admissions.bgr@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Nagasandra, Near Tumkur Road,
Bengaluru 560 073, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 97422 44407
+91 80 6989 6666

Email
admissions.yeshwanthpur@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University),
Christ University Road, 30 Valor Court, PO Dasve Lavasa, Mulshi, Pune – 412112, Maharashtra

Phone
1800-123-2009

Email
admission.lavasa@christuniversity.in

Between: Monday to Friday: 09:00 AM to 04:00 PM,
Saturday: 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM

(Office remains closed on Sundays, Government Holidays and Any special events)

[admission-open-date]

• Back to School Homepage
• Back to Department Homepage

Programme Details


Admission Queries

Experimental High Temperature Superconductivity

Mandatory Certificate Program for non-science students (2015-16)

BASIC ELECTRONICS AND GADGETS (45 hrs)
(With Digital learning Modules)

Modules

UNIT 1: Introduction to Electronics

• Electronics and its applications. Electronic components: Resistors, Capacitors, inductors- types, uses. Conductors, insulators, semiconductors- definitions. Semiconductor materials- Silicon, Germanium, semiconductor devices: Diode- working and application of diode as rectifier, Transistor- working, transistor as an amplifier, electronic switch. Electronic DC power supply- basic block diagram. Basics of measuring instruments- DMM and CRO.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT II: Fundamentals of Electronic Audio and Video Systems

• Basic principle of electronic communication- Line and wireless, merits and demerits. Basic operation of transmitter and receivers. AM and FM radio receivers- qualitative description. Frequency allotment. Microphone, Loud speakers- basic working. CD player- Concept of Compact disc, DVDs, laser light and diode principle. Simplified block diagram a typical CD player. Principle of TV transmission and reception, Colour TV principle, Simplified block diagram of TV. Digital TV principle- set top converter box, Satellite TV- operating principle. Flat panel TV, projection system- qualitative description. Basic working principle of video camera and camcorders.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT III: Communication Systems

• Wired telephone – basics of telephone, telephone exchange, cables- copper cable, Optical fiber cables- principle of operation, cordless phone- working, advantages and disadvantages. Fundamentals of cellular mobile phone- Cells, coverage area, roaming, operation (qualitative description). Latest trends in mobile phones, smart phones, generations.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT IV: Basics of Computer Hardware

• Fundamentals of Digital computer, microprocessors, memory, motherboards, power supply, SMPS, floppy disc drive, hard disc drive, CD ROM /CD writer, mouse, keyboard, Modems, sound card, scanners, I/O Ports and devices, monitors, printers, latest trends in computers, specifications.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT V: E-Waste

• Electronic waste- brief description, qualitative discussion of hazards of e-waste, the materials responsible, management of e-waste, Indian and global current scenario of e-waste and its management.

• 
  5 hrs

• 
  Books for Reference:

• 
  V K Mehta and Rohit Mehta “Principles of Electronics”, S Chand and Co, New Delhi 2011.
• 
  B R Gupta “Consumer Electronics”, 4th Edition, Kataria &sons, New Delhi 2008.
• 
  Bob Goodman “How electronic things work”, TMH 2002.

• 
  Assessment methods for Certificate Program:

• 
  Internal assessment- Assignment and presentation 25 marks
• 
  Mid SEM exam – written type 25 marks.
• 
  End SEM Exam- written type 100 marks.

C Programming Lab

Guidelines

Article

Follow Coding standards

Article I

The output of the programs should be neatly formatted

Article II

The programs should be user friendly and interactive

Article III

Use comment wherever necessary

Lab Programs

• 
  Demonstrate cal, date, echo and bc commands
• 
  Demonstrate passwd, who, uname and tty commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Directory related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all file related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all File compression commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Communication commands
• 
  Write a shell script to accept 2 numbers and perform the basic arithmetic operation
• 
  Write a shell script to accept any N numbers and find the sum of N numbers using function
• 
  Write a shell script to print current working directory, today’s date and number of users who are currently logged in.
• 
  Write a shell script to implement various if statements.

Admission Queries

For any queries at any given time during the application and admission process, you may contact us through the following Email ID’s:

Between: Monday to Friday: 09:00 AM to 04:00 PM,
Saturday: 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM

(Office remains closed on Sundays, Government Holidays and Any special events)

Experimental High Temperature Superconductivity

Mandatory Certificate Program for non-science students (2015-16)

BASIC ELECTRONICS AND GADGETS (45 hrs)
(With Digital learning Modules)

Modules

UNIT 1: Introduction to Electronics

• Electronics and its applications. Electronic components: Resistors, Capacitors, inductors- types, uses. Conductors, insulators, semiconductors- definitions. Semiconductor materials- Silicon, Germanium, semiconductor devices: Diode- working and application of diode as rectifier, Transistor- working, transistor as an amplifier, electronic switch. Electronic DC power supply- basic block diagram. Basics of measuring instruments- DMM and CRO.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT II: Fundamentals of Electronic Audio and Video Systems

• Basic principle of electronic communication- Line and wireless, merits and demerits. Basic operation of transmitter and receivers. AM and FM radio receivers- qualitative description. Frequency allotment. Microphone, Loud speakers- basic working. CD player- Concept of Compact disc, DVDs, laser light and diode principle. Simplified block diagram a typical CD player. Principle of TV transmission and reception, Colour TV principle, Simplified block diagram of TV. Digital TV principle- set top converter box, Satellite TV- operating principle. Flat panel TV, projection system- qualitative description. Basic working principle of video camera and camcorders.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT III: Communication Systems

• Wired telephone – basics of telephone, telephone exchange, cables- copper cable, Optical fiber cables- principle of operation, cordless phone- working, advantages and disadvantages. Fundamentals of cellular mobile phone- Cells, coverage area, roaming, operation (qualitative description). Latest trends in mobile phones, smart phones, generations.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT IV: Basics of Computer Hardware

• Fundamentals of Digital computer, microprocessors, memory, motherboards, power supply, SMPS, floppy disc drive, hard disc drive, CD ROM /CD writer, mouse, keyboard, Modems, sound card, scanners, I/O Ports and devices, monitors, printers, latest trends in computers, specifications.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT V: E-Waste

• Electronic waste- brief description, qualitative discussion of hazards of e-waste, the materials responsible, management of e-waste, Indian and global current scenario of e-waste and its management.

• 
  5 hrs

UNIT 1: Introduction to Electronics

• Electronics and its applications. Electronic components: Resistors, Capacitors, inductors- types, uses. Conductors, insulators, semiconductors- definitions. Semiconductor materials- Silicon, Germanium, semiconductor devices: Diode- working and application of diode as rectifier, Transistor- working, transistor as an amplifier, electronic switch. Electronic DC power supply- basic block diagram. Basics of measuring instruments- DMM and CRO.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT II: Fundamentals of Electronic Audio and Video Systems

• Basic principle of electronic communication- Line and wireless, merits and demerits. Basic operation of transmitter and receivers. AM and FM radio receivers- qualitative description. Frequency allotment. Microphone, Loud speakers- basic working. CD player- Concept of Compact disc, DVDs, laser light and diode principle. Simplified block diagram a typical CD player. Principle of TV transmission and reception, Colour TV principle, Simplified block diagram of TV. Digital TV principle- set top converter box, Satellite TV- operating principle. Flat panel TV, projection system- qualitative description. Basic working principle of video camera and camcorders.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT III: Communication Systems

• Wired telephone – basics of telephone, telephone exchange, cables- copper cable, Optical fiber cables- principle of operation, cordless phone- working, advantages and disadvantages. Fundamentals of cellular mobile phone- Cells, coverage area, roaming, operation (qualitative description). Latest trends in mobile phones, smart phones, generations.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT IV: Basics of Computer Hardware

• Fundamentals of Digital computer, microprocessors, memory, motherboards, power supply, SMPS, floppy disc drive, hard disc drive, CD ROM /CD writer, mouse, keyboard, Modems, sound card, scanners, I/O Ports and devices, monitors, printers, latest trends in computers, specifications.

• 
  10 hrs

UNIT V: E-Waste

• Electronic waste- brief description, qualitative discussion of hazards of e-waste, the materials responsible, management of e-waste, Indian and global current scenario of e-waste and its management.

• 
  5 hrs

• 
  Books for Reference:

• 
  V K Mehta and Rohit Mehta “Principles of Electronics”, S Chand and Co, New Delhi 2011.
• 
  B R Gupta “Consumer Electronics”, 4th Edition, Kataria &sons, New Delhi 2008.
• 
  Bob Goodman “How electronic things work”, TMH 2002.

• 
  Assessment methods for Certificate Program:

• 
  Internal assessment- Assignment and presentation 25 marks
• 
  Mid SEM exam – written type 25 marks.
• 
  End SEM Exam- written type 100 marks.

C Programming Lab

Guidelines

Article

Follow Coding standards

Article I

The output of the programs should be neatly formatted

Article II

The programs should be user friendly and interactive

Article III

Use comment wherever necessary

Lab Programs

• 
  Demonstrate cal, date, echo and bc commands
• 
  Demonstrate passwd, who, uname and tty commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Directory related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all file related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all File compression commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Communication commands
• 
  Write a shell script to accept 2 numbers and perform the basic arithmetic operation
• 
  Write a shell script to accept any N numbers and find the sum of N numbers using function
• 
  Write a shell script to print current working directory, today’s date and number of users who are currently logged in.
• 
  Write a shell script to implement various if statements.

Admission Queries

For any queries at any given time during the application and admission process, you may contact us through the following Email ID’s:

The Office of Admissions,CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road,Bengaluru – 560 029, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 92430 80800
+91 80 4012 9400

Email IDs
Indian candidates: admissions@christuniversity.in
NRI candidates: nri.admission@christuniversity.in
International: isc.admission@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road,
Bengaluru – 560 074, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 80 4012 9800,
+91 80 4012 9802
+91 80 4012 9820

Email
admissions.kengeri@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University),
Mariam Nagar, Meerut Road,
Delhi NCR Ghaziabad – 201003

Phone
1800-123-3212

Email
admission.ncr@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Hulimavu, Bannerghatta Road,
Bengaluru – 560 076, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 080 4655 1306

Email
admissions.bgr@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Nagasandra, Near Tumkur Road,
Bengaluru 560 073, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 97422 44407
+91 80 6989 6666

Email
admissions.yeshwanthpur@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University),
Christ University Road, 30 Valor Court, PO Dasve Lavasa, Mulshi, Pune – 412112, Maharashtra

Phone
1800-123-2009

Email
admission.lavasa@christuniversity.in

Between: Monday to Friday: 09:00 AM to 04:00 PM,
Saturday: 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM

(Office remains closed on Sundays, Government Holidays and Any special events)

[admission-open-date]

• Back to School Homepage
• Back to Department Homepage

Programme Details


Admission Queries

Experimental High Temperature Superconductivity

Theory:  15 hrs

Introduction – occurrence of superconductivity – destruction of superconductivity – Persistent current – Meissner effect – Thermodynamics of superconducting transitions – Type I and type II superconductors – origin of energy gap – Isotope effect – London equations – penetration depth – coherence length. Elements of BCS theory – Cooper pair – Flux quantization – Tunneling – Josephson effect – SQUID.

…Read More

Theory:  15 hrs

Introduction – occurrence of superconductivity – destruction of superconductivity – Persistent current – Meissner effect – Thermodynamics of superconducting transitions – Type I and type II superconductors – origin of energy gap – Isotope effect – London equations – penetration depth – coherence length. Elements of BCS theory – Cooper pair – Flux quantization – Tunneling – Josephson effect – SQUID.

Theory:  15 hrs

High temperature superconducting oxides – Structures of La-Ba-Cu-O system, Y-Ba-Cu-O system and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Experimental techniques – sample preparation methods – solid state reaction – stoichiometry – X- ray diffraction methods – analysis of X-ray diffractogram – Four-probe method of resistance measurement – determination of Tc – Susceptibility measurement – Tc measurement by Colpitt’s oscillator method.   

• 
  Recommended Reading

• 
  M.A.Wahab – Solid State Physics -Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi 1999.
• 
  C. Kittel – Introduction to Solid State Physics -VI Ed. – Wiley eastern 2005

• 
  Practicals

• 
  Resistivity measurement by four probe method.
• 
  Preparation of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x superconductor by solid state reaction method.
• 
  Tc measurement by four probe / Colpitt’s oscillator method (using liquid nitrogen cryostat).
• 
  X-ray diffractogram analysis (calculation of cell parameters) 30 hrs
• Fees: Rs. 1000/-

C Programming Lab

Guidelines

Article

Follow Coding standards

Article I

The output of the programs should be neatly formatted

Article II

The programs should be user friendly and interactive

Article III

Use comment wherever necessary

Lab Programs

• 
  Demonstrate cal, date, echo and bc commands
• 
  Demonstrate passwd, who, uname and tty commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Directory related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all file related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all File compression commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Communication commands
• 
  Write a shell script to accept 2 numbers and perform the basic arithmetic operation
• 
  Write a shell script to accept any N numbers and find the sum of N numbers using function
• 
  Write a shell script to print current working directory, today’s date and number of users who are currently logged in.
• 
  Write a shell script to implement various if statements.

Admission Queries

For any queries at any given time during the application and admission process, you may contact us through the following Email ID’s:

Between: Monday to Friday: 09:00 AM to 04:00 PM,
Saturday: 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM

(Office remains closed on Sundays, Government Holidays and Any special events)

Experimental High Temperature Superconductivity

Theory:  15 hrs

Introduction – occurrence of superconductivity – destruction of superconductivity – Persistent current – Meissner effect – Thermodynamics of superconducting transitions – Type I and type II superconductors – origin of energy gap – Isotope effect – London equations – penetration depth – coherence length. Elements of BCS theory – Cooper pair – Flux quantization – Tunneling – Josephson effect – SQUID.

…Read More

Theory:  15 hrs

Introduction – occurrence of superconductivity – destruction of superconductivity – Persistent current – Meissner effect – Thermodynamics of superconducting transitions – Type I and type II superconductors – origin of energy gap – Isotope effect – London equations – penetration depth – coherence length. Elements of BCS theory – Cooper pair – Flux quantization – Tunneling – Josephson effect – SQUID.

Theory:  15 hrs

High temperature superconducting oxides – Structures of La-Ba-Cu-O system, Y-Ba-Cu-O system and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Experimental techniques – sample preparation methods – solid state reaction – stoichiometry – X- ray diffraction methods – analysis of X-ray diffractogram – Four-probe method of resistance measurement – determination of Tc – Susceptibility measurement – Tc measurement by Colpitt’s oscillator method.   

• 
  Recommended Reading

• 
  M.A.Wahab – Solid State Physics -Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi 1999.
• 
  C. Kittel – Introduction to Solid State Physics -VI Ed. – Wiley eastern 2005

• 
  Practicals

• 
  Resistivity measurement by four probe method.
• 
  Preparation of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x superconductor by solid state reaction method.
• 
  Tc measurement by four probe / Colpitt’s oscillator method (using liquid nitrogen cryostat).
• 
  X-ray diffractogram analysis (calculation of cell parameters) 30 hrs
• Fees: Rs. 1000/-

C Programming Lab

Guidelines

Article

Follow Coding standards

Article I

The output of the programs should be neatly formatted

Article II

The programs should be user friendly and interactive

Article III

Use comment wherever necessary

Lab Programs

• 
  Demonstrate cal, date, echo and bc commands
• 
  Demonstrate passwd, who, uname and tty commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Directory related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all file related commands
• 
  Demonstrate all File compression commands
• 
  Demonstrate all Communication commands
• 
  Write a shell script to accept 2 numbers and perform the basic arithmetic operation
• 
  Write a shell script to accept any N numbers and find the sum of N numbers using function
• 
  Write a shell script to print current working directory, today’s date and number of users who are currently logged in.
• 
  Write a shell script to implement various if statements.

Admission Queries

For any queries at any given time during the application and admission process, you may contact us through the following Email ID’s:

The Office of Admissions,CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road,Bengaluru – 560 029, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 92430 80800
+91 80 4012 9400

Email IDs
Indian candidates: admissions@christuniversity.in
NRI candidates: nri.admission@christuniversity.in
International: isc.admission@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road,
Bengaluru – 560 074, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 80 4012 9800,
+91 80 4012 9802
+91 80 4012 9820

Email
admissions.kengeri@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University),
Mariam Nagar, Meerut Road,
Delhi NCR Ghaziabad – 201003

Phone
1800-123-3212

Email
admission.ncr@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Hulimavu, Bannerghatta Road,
Bengaluru – 560 076, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 080 4655 1306

Email
admissions.bgr@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Nagasandra, Near Tumkur Road,
Bengaluru 560 073, Karnataka, INDIA

Phone
+91 97422 44407
+91 80 6989 6666

Email
admissions.yeshwanthpur@christuniversity.in

CHRIST (Deemed to be University),
Christ University Road, 30 Valor Court, PO Dasve Lavasa, Mulshi, Pune – 412112, Maharashtra

Phone
1800-123-2009

Email
admission.lavasa@christuniversity.in

Between: Monday to Friday: 09:00 AM to 04:00 PM,
Saturday: 09:00 AM to 12:00 PM

(Office remains closed on Sundays, Government Holidays and Any special events)